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Expert Q and A: Understanding "Punch," The Baby Monkey That Captured The World's Heart

A tiny Japanese macaque named Punch has unexpectedly become one of the internet’s most talked-about animals. Born at a zoo in Japan and rejected by his mother shortly after birth, the young monkey was hand-raised by staff and given a stuffed toy for comfort—an image that quickly ricocheted across social media worldwide. Videos showing Punch tentatively approaching other macaques, sometimes being pushed away or corrected as he tried to socialize, struck an emotional chord. What began as a local zoo update rapidly turned into international headlines, with audiences from North America to Europe weighing in on what they saw as loneliness, resilience and the universal need for belonging. But experts say the story is more nuanced than a viral clip suggests. The interactions that many viewers interpreted as bullying are, in fact, typical components of macaque social development, part of how young primates learn boundaries, hierarchy and group norms. While Punch’s early maternal separation makes his integration more delicate, gradual acceptance into the troop is a positive sign. As internet users continue to share and comment, the moment has sparked broader conversations about animal emotion, anthropomorphism and the realities of wildlife behavior in managed care settings. Florida Tech's Catherine Talbot offered insight into the complexities of animal behavior.  Catherine F. Talbot is an assistant professor in the School of Psychology at Florida Tech and co-director of the Animal Cognitive Research Center at Brevard Zoo. Her overarching research goal has been to study the ultimate (evolutionary) and proximate (behavioral, biological, and developmental) mechanisms underlying sociality. Q: Is it normal for mother macaques to abandon their babies, or is this an unusual occurrence? What circumstances can cause this to happen?  It’s not necessarily normal, but also not that uncommon in primates, unfortunately. It’s more common in first time mothers that are inexperienced and sometimes lower ranking mothers. A number of factors can increase the likelihood of abandonment including stress on the mother and unfavorable conditions such as limited resources. Q: How does abandonment affect development in young macaques?  Early maternal contact is critical for normal behavioral and emotional development. Infants rely on their mothers for nutrition, warmth, protection and learning how to navigate social dynamics. When infants do not have their mothers during critical developmental periods like infancy, in the short term, they tend to have elevated stress responses and difficulty with emotional regulation. In the long-term, it depends on whether the infant is able to form other types of attachment. In the worst-case scenario, they may have increased aggression, abnormal and/or self-injurious behavior, digestive issues and may lack social skills. But primates are resilient, and with social support and gradual integration into a troop, Punch can form new attachments, learn socially appropriate behavior and ultimately live a fairly normal monkey life. Q: Is it obvious to the rest of the troop when a young macaque has no mother? How does this affect integration?  Japanese macaques have really complex social worlds, so they are really in tune with the relationships they have with one another and recognize the relationships between other individuals. That can certainly make it more difficult for Punch to be accepted back into the troop – he needs to find some friends and possibly even a surrogate parent. With social support, he should be able to recover from the absence of a mother. It’s really great to see that the care staff stepped in to support Punch as he begins to recovery from the stress of this experience. It’s even more important that Punch is around other monkeys of the same species so that he can continue to learn from them and respond appropriately to social communication cues. I’m thrilled to see that Punch is now making friends. Q: Punch is obviously attached to his stuffed orangutan. We can understand how this happens from our own human experience, but can you explain, on a biological level, how he bonded with this stuffed animal? Primates, including humans, are neurobiologically wired to form strong social bonds with a caregiver very early in life. In many primate species, infants are born highly dependent on their mother. Punch’s attachment to the stuffed orangutan reflects this need for attachment. That physical touch – warmth, softness, graspable limbs, a stable physical presence – can partially activate those same calming biological pathways, including the release of oxytocin which regulates stress and promotes feelings of safety. Without activation in those pathways, Punch would likely experience stronger feelings of separation or loneliness and ultimately social withdrawal. These biological pathways are crucial to proper social and emotional development of any primate species. Any way we can help mitigate those effects for Punch is crucial for successful integration back into his troop. Q: How does sociality among Japanese macaques compare to that of similar species? Japanese macaques live in large multi-male, multi-female social groups that can range from roughly 50 to 150 individuals. Like many macaques species, they form stable, female-bonded societies. Females remain in their natal group (or the group they were born into) for life, inherit their mother’s rank, and form strong kin- based alliances whereas males emigrate to a new group at adolescence. Their societies are organized around matrilines or extended female family lines in which rank is very important. They have strong dominance hierarchies and generally high levels of aggression, but levels of aggression and tolerance can vary a good amount from group to group. Entire matrilines can outrank others, which dictates access to food, grooming partners, and coalitions. Within a single troop, you often see multiple matrilines with long-standing dominance competitions. I sometimes compare it to a Romeo and Juliet-style Montague and Capulet dynamic, where beneath the surface of daily grooming and foraging is a complex political landscape structured by kinship and status. Q: What behaviors can Punch expect from the rest of the monkeys as he continues to integrate with the troop? What behaviors can the troop expect to see from him? As Punch continues to integrate into his troop, I would expect to see some social testing by other members of the group to see how Punch responds- they may use mild aggression like open mouth threats or direct stares (which arethreatening is macaques), brief chases, and displacement from resources like food/resting spots. These will help clarify Punch’s rank and help form and maintain a stable hierarchy. Therefore, I hope to see Punch make at least a few strong social bonds (friends), to help defend him against more intense aggression. As long as he makes a few friends, he should begin to receive more affiliative behavior. Integration is usually gradual as these bonds form and strengthen and these skills develop. I would expect to see more play and grooming with conspecifics and less reliance on his stuffed orangutan as real social bonds start to form. Grooming is especially important for forming and maintaining social bonds and there are already videos showing Punch receiving some grooming from older monkeys, which bodes well for him. He also needs to respond in socially appropriate ways, like grooming others and showing submission to higher ranking individuals. Essentially, he needs to understand and follow the rules of Japanese macaque society. Q: What message do you have as people continue to root for Punch?  It's uplifting to see how much support Punch has gained across the world. And while Punch is clearly adorable and so vulnerable that you just want to love him and give him (or other monkeys like him) a home, it’s important to remember that more than anything else, he needs to live with other monkeys so that he can live a life that is true to his species and nature. Unfortunately, many people still have monkeys as pets. The illegal wildlife trade is a multi-billion-dollar industry, ranking as the fourth largest illegal trade after drugs, arms, and human trafficking. Within the United States, it is estimated that there are more than 15,000 nonhuman primates living in unsuitable conditions. Primates are intelligent, sentient beings that need complex communities and relationships to thrive. There currently is no federal legislation that protects primates from private ownership, but the Captive Primate Safety Act (H.R.3199/ S.1594) has been proposed to prohibit the private possession of nonhuman primates and the sale or transportation of nonhuman primates for the wild pet trade. If you're interested in connecting with Catherine and learning more about animal behavior,  let us help. Contact  Adam Lowenstein, Assistant Vice President for External Affairs at Florida Institute of Technology, at adam@fit.edu to arrange an interview today.

Pennsylvania Officials Highlight Snow Squall Safety

Research by Dr. Jase Bernhardt, Hofstra University associate professor of geology, environment, and sustainability, was recently highlighted during a press conference held by several state agencies in Pennsylvania on snow squall safety. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT), Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PA Turnpike), Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA), Pennsylvania State Police (PSP), and the National Weather Service (NWS) highlighted investments by Governor Josh Shapiro’s administration that have led to an average of 7% fewer winter crashes and a 34% decrease in serious injuries and fatalities in those crashes. Media outlets that covered the press conference included the Times News Online.

Labubu success demonstrates the benefits of the ‘blind box’ business strategy

Labubu dolls have taken the world by storm. The viral collectable keychains that feature plush monster-like figurines, sold by the Chinese company Pop Mart, have been compared to other toys like Beanie Babies or the more recent Sonny Angels. Labubus come in a variety of colors and outfits, and they are sold in “blind boxes” — so customers never know which collectibles they will get when they buy them. The meteoric ascent of these toys raises the question: What exactly is the appeal of Labubus? According to Tianxin Zou, Ph.D., an assistant professor of marketing in the University of Florida Warrington College of Business, there are a few reasons behind Pop Mart’s success. “It’s a little bit like buying a lottery ticket,” Zou said about the blind box concept. “The uncertainty is giving another layer of enjoyment.” Zou compares the psychological experience of blind boxes to gambling, stating that some customers buy hundreds of boxes for the chance at winning big. Customers aren’t just buying the products; they’re buying the experience. Each Labubu release features 12 figurine designs, as well as a much rarer secret design, so customers are enticed by the possibility of getting that one rare doll. This can also come with monetary value, as Labubus have been resold for thousands of dollars on platforms like eBay. Recently, a first-generation Labubu toy sold for $150,000 in a Labubu-specific auction. The unboxing experience can also trigger social interaction. People often film themselves unboxing the products and posting the experiences online for millions to see, or they gather in person to open boxes with their friends. This brings people together, forming a sense of community and identity around Labubu ownership. “Unboxing the blind box together can become a joyful event,” Zou said. “It makes it so Labubu has a social value and can help form friendships.” The rarity of certain designs is also a key factor in the social aspect of Labubus. Within these communities, especially online, owning rare designs can become a form of social capital. This has contributed to the rise of “Lafufus,” or fake Labubu dolls sold by retailers separate from Pop Mart. The craze has become less about the item itself and more about what it represents socially. Even if a keychain is fake, it still shows that the owner is socially in the know. Pop Mart also aligns itself with well-known franchises, such as Star Wars and Marvel, for branded blind box designs. And celebrity interest has helped the popularity of Labubus skyrocket. The toy first gained momentum after it was seen on the bag of Lisa, a member of the K-pop group Blackpink. Since then, Labubus have been spotted on the bags and belt loops of public figures ranging from Rihanna to Tom Brady. Zou explains that this furthers the social impact of the toys, as people aim to replicate celebrities’ style. “This collaboration with celebrities gives Pop Mart synergy, which gives it this stronger social effect,” Zou said. While the success of Labubus may seem spontaneous, it is actually the result of highly strategic business strategies. However, other retailers are catching on, providing competition for Pop Mart as more companies enter the blind box game. The retailer also faces new challenges, with countries like China and Singapore creating regulations for the sale of blind boxes, especially to children. But for now, the monsters continue to dominate the market, giving the company time to formulate new strategies. And because the company’s strength lies in its research and planning, it likely will not be going into its next phase blind.

Beyond the field: New research highlights how NIL is reshaping college athlete identity

In an era of name, image and likeness, or NIL, many college athletes are thinking differently about who they are — seeing themselves not just as competitors or students, but also as influencers with distinct voices and causes, according to a new study from the University of Florida. Molly Harry, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Department of Sport Management at the UF College of Health and Human Performance, surveyed 200 athletes from 21 Power Four universities to better understand how NIL, which refers to the rights of college athletes to earn money through endorsements, sponsorships, social media promotions and other commercial opportunities, has impacted the way athletes perceive their roles and identities. “Historically, we’ve viewed them (college athletes) through the lens of athletics or academics, but they’re daughters, brothers, role models, and increasingly, they’re now cultivating public personas and marketing skills.” —Molly Harry, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Department of Sport Management The findings, published Friday in the Sociology of Sport Journal, reveal a growing recognition among athletes that they are more than the two-dimensional “student-athlete” model that is traditionally used in research and policy. “With the shift in NIL policies, athletes are starting to develop roles and identities related to that of the influencer,” Harry said. “Historically, we’ve viewed them through the lens of athletics or academics, but they’re daughters, brothers, role models, and increasingly, they’re now cultivating public personas and marketing skills.” Through survey responses across seven major sports — football, baseball, men’s and women’s basketball, gymnastics, volleyball and softball — Harry and UF doctoral student Hannah Kloetzer examined athletes' engagement with NIL opportunities, as well as the personal sacrifices they made to pursue them. They found that many athletes now view NIL as a platform to promote causes they care about, build connections with their communities and explore career pathways after college. One softball player described the value of NIL in a way that highlights the broader impact: “It’s been great to feel seen and have your hard work in a sport help in other parts of life. It’s really nice to use NIL on a resume as marketing experience.” Athletes surveyed said they found deals not just with big-name brands, but more often with local businesses like restaurants, boutiques and community partners. This entrepreneurial approach often required initiative and personal outreach, something many athletes had to learn on their own. “Some athletes told us they felt lost when trying to navigate NIL,” Harry said. “Others shared how they reached out to local businesses or organized their own camps.” One particularly striking finding, Harry said, was that some athletes were making athletic sacrifices — like spending less time training — to pursue NIL work, a shift that underscores the importance of these opportunities. Harry stressed that while no one reported skipping practices, athletes did acknowledge shifting their priorities to make room for NIL-related endeavors. “If you’re willing to give up something in your athletic routine, that speaks volumes about how central NIL — and influencer identities — could become for some athletes,” she said. Another key insight: football players of color from low socioeconomic backgrounds were most likely to self-identify as influencers. This emerging pattern stands in contrast to perceived broader trends in the social media world. “That was one of the most fascinating takeaways,” Harry said. “We have this unique subset of influencers — college football athletes — that are starting to enter this space.” Harry’s research builds on a growing conversation in the academic community about the evolving identity of college athletes. A few conceptual pieces have previously proposed the idea of a “student-athlete-influencer,” but Harry’s team is one of the first to gather empirical data to back it up. This new perspective has broad implications for how universities and organizations like the NCAA support college athletes, both during their playing years and as they prepare for life after sport. “As fans, we often see athletes as commodities on the field,” Harry said. “But they’re humans first, and they’re starting to recognize their own value and tap into their potential beyond the playing field.” In addition to academic and athletic support, Harry believes universities should invest in more targeted resources tailored to influencer pressures, like mentorship opportunities and training that goes beyond basic social media etiquette. “Athletes who take on influencer roles may deal with unique stressors, whether it’s comparing engagement numbers or coping with public scrutiny,” she said. “It would be valuable to provide opportunities where athlete-influencers can support each other, share strategies and protect their mental health.” A football player who participated in the study summed up the broader potential of NIL: “I’m very appreciative of NIL opportunities and the ability to continue to grow my camp and greater brand outside of my football program.” Looking ahead, Harry plans to explore this evolving identity through more qualitative research, with a focus on what it truly means to be an “influencer” in the context of college athletics. “Athletes are more than football players. They are more than swimmers,” she said. “They are people who we walk with on our college campuses, and they are people who bring value to our society in a host of ways.”

LSU astrophysicist weighs in on potential release of UFO records

Dr. Eric Burns is a leading researcher in high-energy astrophysics, he studies neutron star mergers and gamma-ray bursts and helped lead the first multimessenger discovery of a binary neutron star merger. "Given the vast size of the universe, most scientists think life beyond Earth likely exists, and we are actively searching for it. However, there is no credible evidence that extraterrestrials have visited Earth or made contact with humanity. Previous government reviews of UFO reports have not produced convincing proof of alien technology. Astronomers are terrible at keeping secrets — if even one of us had solid evidence of aliens, the entire world would know by lunchtime. I strongly support transparency and look forward to the release of additional information, but extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence."

Exploring everyday finance, gender, and the future of pensions

Money in everyday life For Dr Hayley James, finance isn’t just numbers on a balance sheet - it’s woven into the realities of everyday life. From saving and borrowing to the challenge of long-term pension planning, her work at Aston University’s Centre for Personal Financial Wellbeing (CPFW) explores how financial decisions are shaped by family, gender, life stage, and stability of income. Her research stems from her PhD, which examined how people make decisions after being automatically enrolled into workplace pensions - a starting point that sparked her continuing focus on pensions and everyday financial behaviour. “Finance is often portrayed as objective, but in reality, our money decisions are tied up with all the other meaningful factors in our lives.” – Hayley James At CPFW, Dr. James and her colleagues have observed a shift in policy and industry thinking. Where once the focus was on pushing people to act in “rational” financial ways, attention is now turning to redesigning systems that reflect how people actually manage money. Gender and the pension gap A key focus of Dr. James’ research has been pensions, particularly how gender and life events shape saving habits. She has found that parenthood has very different impacts on men and women’s retirement planning: Motherhood often discourages pension saving - reducing both capacity and perceived importance. Fatherhood often encourages saving - reinforcing traditional financial roles. While many assume household specialisation balances out, reality shows otherwise: separation or divorce often leaves women financially disadvantaged. These insights underpin her book Pension Saving in a Gendered Lifecourse (2025), which argues for pension systems that move beyond gender neutral models to become gender friendly - systems that acknowledge the very different realities men and women face across their life course. Tracking real lives: the “Real Accounts” project Beyond pensions, Dr James has led research into how people actually manage day-to-day finances. In the Real Accounts project, she and colleagues followed UK households for 10 months, recording income and spending in real time. The findings reveal how income volatility — sudden drops, irregular hours, unexpected bills — creates stress and undermines financial stability. These insights are helping policymakers and providers rethink how products like pensions, credit, and debt advice are designed. Collaboration and impact Dr. James’ work bridges academia, policy, and practice. Partnerships include: Nest Insight – public-benefit research centre, co-leads on Real Accounts. Glasgow Caledonian University – joint research on household finances. Christians Against Poverty – literature review on measuring the impact of debt advice, aimed at improving frontline support for the most vulnerable. Through these collaborations, her findings are already shaping practical change in how organisations design support for households under financial strain. Looking ahead With her British Academy Innovation Fellowship concluding, Dr. James is turning to new questions: How do diverse households — across sexuality, ability, ethnicity, and household structure — navigate finance? How can financial systems evolve to reflect real lives, not abstract models? Her book sets out a roadmap for rethinking pensions through a gendered lens — offering policymakers, providers, and households a new way to understand and prepare for later life. Selected publications For readers who want to explore her research in more depth, here are a few recent publications: • James, H. (2022). Everyday finance and the politics of financial subjectivity. Review of International Political Economy. • James, H. (2022). Financial wellbeing and the lived experience of income volatility. New Political Economy. • James, H. (2023). Household finance and the gendered lifecourse: Reframing pensions research. In Handbook on Everyday Finance (Edward Elgar). Available via RePEc. ⸻ About Dr. Hayley James Dr. Hayley James is a Senior Research Fellow at Aston University’s Centre for Personal Financial Wellbeing. Her research spans pensions, household finance, and the social context of money. She has published widely and works closely with policy and community partners to translate research into action. To explore more of the Centre’s work and access project reports, visit the CPFW Projects page at Aston University. Connect with Hayley by clicking the profile icon below.

Delaware Statewide Collaboration Expands Physician Pipeline with First‑of‑Its‑Kind Clinical Campus — Expert Commentary Available

Delaware is taking a major step to strengthen its health care workforce. ChristianaCare, Bayhealth and the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) have announced the Delaware Collaborative Clinical Campus, a first‑in‑the‑region initiative that will expand medical student training opportunities, increase residency placements and build a more sustainable pipeline of physicians committed to caring for Delawareans. This collaboration positions Delaware to attract, train and retain the clinicians our communities depend on — ensuring a stronger, more resilient health care workforce. Brian Levine, M.D., chief academic officer and designated institutional official for ChristianaCare is available for interviews to discuss: What the new clinical campus means for Delaware’s health care future How this collaboration strengthens the physician pipeline The impact on training, recruitment and long‑term retention of physicians in the state

Avian Flu: LSU Expert Available

LSU expert Dr. Rebecca Christofferson is available to speak with media about the first avian flu outbreaks of the season, including what’s driving the spread, potential risks to the public and what people should know as cases emerge across the country.